Financing for equity
1. Overall Education Financing Mechanisms
2. Policies and Programmes to Provide Resources to Schools
3. Education Policies and Programmes to Provide Resources to Students and Families
4. Social Policies and Programmes to Provide Resources to Students and their Families
Education is free and compulsory for eight years of basic education and four yeras of secondary education (6-17 years old).
The federal budget in education was 48.8 million in 2018 (US$ 82.8 million in 2020), representing 18% of Somalia’s national budget for 2017, which was US$ 267 million (GDP was 4.721 billion USD in 2018). Total population is 15 million inhabitants. School aged population is 4.9 million people (2.7 million corresponding to primary and 2.2 million corresponding to secondary).
Households spend 5% of their total expenses on education on average. Poor households (households with less than 1.47 US$ per day per person in 2016) spend an average of US $ 20 per year, while non-poor households spend US $ 50 per year. There are three types of private schools: for-profit schools (fees range from US$ 20-40 per month), community-supported schools, and non-State-actor-supported schools (usually internationally sponsored and with a focus on Islamic teaching). No information was found regarding subsidies to private schools.
Disbursements from federal level to state and regional levels have been limited given the small size of the national budget over recent years. However, some state administrations have demonstrated a capacity to generate local level government revenues that can be used to support educations service delivery at state and regional level. In 2016, 59% of the government funding was kept at the central level, and 41% was allocated to the MoE in the Federal Government of Somalia, Somaliland and the autonomous unionist state of Puntland.
The Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) 2018-2020 has several priorities. One priority is that education services should be sustained in emergency contexts for vulnerable populations (sheep and cattle farmers, Internally Displaced Persons). Some of the targets for this priority: to have 10% of teachers trained in Education in Emergency contexts each year; reach 100% of at-risk areas by 2020; build a minimum of 500 temporary classroom tents (TLS - temporary learning spaces); invest in WASH, and facilities. The 2018 budget for this priority objective, which contemplates other activities as well, was US $ 2.68 million (corresponding to 5.5% of the education budget).
Other priorities include increasing access to education for out of school adolescents and youth and strengthening Alternative Basic Education (ABE) teaching and learning. Some of the targets for this objective are to double the number of ABE schools from 11 to 22 and develop needs based bursary for ABE learners , both by 2020. The 2018 budget for this priority objective, which contemplates other activities as well, was US $ 1.45 million (corresponding to 3% of the education budget).
The ESSP also plans to expand equitable access to free primary education. For this, it has the objective to rehabilitate and construct primary school infrastructure to expand access for disadvantaged groups. The target is to rehabilitate 600 schools. It also plans to construct/rehabilitate 50 secondary schools in prioritized underserviced regions according to need-based criteria. The 2018 budget for this priority objective on equitable access to secondary education was US $ 3.2 million (corresponding to 6.6% of the total education budget).
The intermediate budget scenario for the ESSP 2018-2020 is US $ 193.9 million for the three years of the plan, mostly from off-budget support (donors).
There is no publicly available information on this topic.
Pro-poor schemes to enroll children
The ESSP seeks to increase access to primary education for vulnerable groups, by developing pro-poor schemes to enroll children from disadvantaged groups by providing scholarships for children and supplying learning materials. Among its targets, it plans to give 10,000 bursaries to children from disadvantaged households (corresponding to 0.2% of school-aged population) and getting 200 schools to have plans to increase enrolment of children from disadvantaged families, all by 2020. The 2018 budget for this priority objective on equitable access to primary education, which includes other programs, was US $ 9.8 million (20% of the total education budget).
There is no publicly available information on this topic.
